RESUMO: O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVTC) se trata de uma neoplasia transmissível, que se propaga naturalmente entre os cães pela transferência halogênica de células tumorais, principalmente, durante o coito. É a mais antiga linhagem tumoral conhecida na natureza e relatos sobre mutações gênicas vêm sendo ampliadas. Além disso, este tumor compartilha uma série de mutações genéticas com alguns cânceres em seres humanos, dentre eles, carcinomas de pulmão, melanoma, próstata, mama, entre outros tipos de câncer. Assim, quantificou-se a expressão de genes supressores de tumores, como TP53, P21 e genes relacionados à apoptose, como BAX, BCL-2 e BCL-xL, tanto in vivo quanto in vitro (cultura celular primária). No presente estudo, na comparação das expressões gênicas, o gene TP53 se mostrou elevado na maioria dos casos em tecidos (65%) e em cultura celular primária (100%), enquanto BCL-2, BCL-xL e BAX apresentaram-se variáveis entre os animais analisados. Ademais, nessas situações os resultados sugerem que não ocorreu regulação apoptótica desses genes pelo TP53. O gene P21 mostrou-se, em sua maioria, normal (70%), embora a ausência (6%) e subexpressões (24%) também tenham sido observadas. A análise estatística do gene BCL-xL demonstrou diferenças significativas entre os tecidos dos animais, quando comparadas às culturas celulares, entretanto, para os demais genes, não foi observada diferença estatística entre os grupos. Preliminarmente, os resultados sugerem a presença de alterações nas expressões gênicas dos genes TP53, P21, BAX, BCL-2 e BCL-xL, levando a perda de função desses genes, os quais afetam a tumorigênese do CTVT.

ABSTRACT: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a transmissible neoplasm, which spreads naturally between dogs through the halogenic transfer of tumor cells, mainly during coitus. It is the oldest known tumoral lineage in nature and reports on gene mutations have been extended. Also, this tumor shares several genetic mutations with some cancers in humans, among them lung carcinomas, melanoma, prostate, breast, among other cancers. Thus, expression of tumor suppressor genes such as TP53, P21, and apoptosis-related genes such as BAX, BCL-2, and BCL-xL, both in vivo and in vitro (primary cell culture) were quantified. In the present study, the comparison of gene expression, the TP53 gene, in most cases, was shown to be high in the majority of tissues (65%) and primary cell culture (100%), while BCL-2, BCL-xL, and BAX presented variation among the animals analyzed. Moreover, in these situations, the results suggested that the apoptotic regulation of these genes did not occur for TP53. The P21 gene was shown to be mostly normal (70%); although, absence (6%) and underexpressions (24%) were also observed. Statistical analysis of the BCL-xL gene demonstrated significant differences between the tissues of the animals when compared to the cell cultures; however, to the other genes, no statistical difference was observed between the groups. Preliminarily, the results suggested the presence of alterations in the gene expressions of the TP53, P21, BAX, BCL-2 and BCL-xL leading to loss of function in these genes, which affect the tumorigenesis of CTVT.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Brazilian native species are reemerging as increasingly free-ranging populations. METHODS: Sera from 31 capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) and 28 peccaries (Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari) were tested for anti-Leptospira and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using microscopic seroagglutination test. RESULTS: Nineteen percent of free-ranging and 10.0% of captive capybaras, along with 31.8% of collared peccaries, were seropositive for T. gondii. None was seropositive for Leptospira sp. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicated low risk of disease, particularly among capybaras and white-lipped peccaries; however, active surveillance programs are important for monitoring wildlife health and public health once they are in public parks around cities.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o perfil microbiológico de diferentes tipos de saladas provenientes de cozinhas hospitalares. No período de 2010 a 2014, o Serviço de Orientação à Alimentação Pública (SOAP) recebeu 641 amostras de saladas provenientes de dois hospitais públicos da região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, onde foram submetidas às análises microbiológicas para a determinação do número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes a 35 e 45ºC, pesquisa de Salmonella spp. e contagem de estafilococos coagulase positiva. Os resultados revelaram que em 30,56% das amostras a contagem de coliformes a 35ºC foi maior que 1.100 NMP/g, e 12,17% apresentaram coliformes a 45ºC acima de 100 NMP/g, limite máximo estabelecido pela legislação brasileira. A prevalência de amostras contaminadas sem tratamento térmico foi de 97,44% e de 2,56% para amostras com tratamento térmico, cozidas ou refogadas. Todas as amostras foram negativas para presença de Salmonella spp. e apresentaram contagem de estafilococos coagulase positiva < 1,0 × 102 UFC/g. Embora não tenham sido encontrados agentes patogênicos, as altas contagens de micro-organismos indicadores em grande parte das amostras sugerem que as práticas de obtenção e manipulação desses alimentos estão inadequadas, possibilitando risco de contaminação por patógenos, inclusive outros agentes não contemplados nesta pesquisa. Portanto, as unidades de alimentação e nutrição hospitalares devem se atentar quanto aos procedimentos de preparo de alimentos, sobretudo porque essas refeições são servidas a indivíduos hospitalizados.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to verify the microbiological profile of different types of salads from hospital kitchens. During the period from 2010 to 2014, the Public Food Guidance Service (SOAP) received 641 samples of salads from two public hospitals in the Central West region of the São Paulo state, where they were submitted to microbiological analysis in order to determine the most probable number (MPN) of coliforms at 35 and 45ºC, carry out Salmonella spp. study and coagulase-positive staphylococci count. The results showed that in 30.56% of samples the coliform count at 35ºC was above 1,100 MPN/g and 12.17% of samples presented coliforms at 45ºC above 100 MPN/g, which is the maximum limit established by Brazilian law. The prevalence of contaminated samples among those without heat treatment was at 97.44%, and for samples with heat treatment the prevalence was at 2.56% for both cooked and braised foods. All samples were negative for Salmonella spp. presence and showed coagulase-positive staphylococci count at < 1.0 × 102 UFC/g. Although no pathogenic agents were found, the high count for indicator microorganisms in a large number of samples suggests that the practices of obtaining and manipulating these foods are inadequate, facilitating the risk of contamination with pathogens, including other agents not included in this research. Thus, food and nutrition units must pay attention to food preparation procedures, especially since these meals are served to indoor patients.

Abstract Background: Mycobacterium is an important zoonotic agent with companion, livestock and wildlife animals reportedly playing a role as reservoirs. Although its association with reptiles has been described, the disease cycle remains to be fully established, particularly in snakes. Accordingly, this study aimed to report the occurrence of mycobacteriosis with clinical pneumonia in one exotic python snake (Python molurus) and one native green snake (Philodryas olfersii) from the Sorocaba Zoo, São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: Diagnosis was based on necropsy, histopathological examination, Ziehl-Neelsen stain and immunohistochemistry. Results: Using a nested PCR followed by DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, the causative Mycobacterium species was identified as Mycobacterium genavense. Conclusion: Mycobacterium genavense is an infectious zoonotic agent of animal and public health concerns.

A pesquisa de Salmonella em carcaças de aves tem mostrado resultados discrepantes, dependendo se as amostras foram colhidas ainda na indústria, imediatamente após o chiller ou no comércio varejista, quando se encontram submetidas à refrigeração por vários dias. Técnicas mais sensíveis, tais como a Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR), podem fornecer dados importantes sobre o efeito do resfriamento sobre as células do patógeno, comparando seus resultados com os da metodologia microbiológica convencional (MC). Foram colhidas 130 carcaças de frango, sendo que 65 foram obtidas ainda na indústria (pós-chiller) e imediatamente analisadas e 65 carcaças embaladas e estocadas a 5°C por 72 horas (simulando o varejo), sendo então realizada a pesquisa do patógeno por ambas as técnicas. Do total analisado (130 amostras), a PCR foi capaz de detectar 58 positivas (44,6%) e a MC 50 (38,5%). Ambas as técnicas detectaram um número superior de amostras positivas para Salmonella em carcaças colhidas ainda na indústria, quando comparadas às do varejo. A PCR detectou 50,77% de positividade em amostras da indústria e 38,46% em amostras do varejo. Para a MC, esses valores foram de 46,15% (indústria) e 30,77% (varejo). Concluímos que o resfriamento das carcaças a 5°C por 72 horas pode ser um fator limitante na detecção de Salmonella quando a pesquisa do patógeno se faz pela metodologia microbiológica convencional.

The survey of Salmonella in poultry carcasses has shown conflicting results, depending on whether the samples were taken yet in the factory, immediately after the chiller or retail market, when they are subjected to refrigeration for several days. More sensitive techniques such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can provide important data on the effect of cooling on the cells of the pathogen by comparing their results with those of conventional microbiological methods (CM). It was collected 130 chicken carcasses, wich 65 were obtained yet in the industry (post-chiller) and immediately analyzed and 65 carcasses packaged and stored at 5°C for 72 hours (simulating retail), and then research of the pathogen was performed by both techniques. Of the analyzed total (130 samples), PCR was able to detect 58 positive (44.6%) and CM, 50 (38.5%). Both techniques detected a higher number of samples positive for Salmonella on carcasses collected yet in the factory when compared to those of retail. The PCR detected 50.77% of positive industry samples and 38.46% of retail samples. CM for these values was 46.15% (factory) and 30.77% (retail). We conclude that the cooling of the carcasses for at 5°C for 72 hours can be a limiting factor in the detection of Salmonella when the pathogen research is done by conventional microbiological methods.

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a capacidade de barreira da membrana de cortical óssea desmineralizada liofilizada bovina, testando sua permeabilidade e integridade, em associação com a membrana de pericárdio bovino liofilizado. Em 15 ratos Wistar, machos, adultos, implantou-se no subcutâneo da região cérvico-torácica dorsal a combinação de duas membranas de cortical óssea desmineralizada tendo no interior a membrana de pericárdio bovino. Os animais (cinco ratos/grupo) foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 15, 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório. A avaliação microscópica mostrou que, aos 15 dias de pós-cirúrgico, as membranas estavam íntegras, com exceção de pequenas áreas de reabsorção da membrana de cortical óssea junto aos locais referentes aos antigos canais nutritivos. Aos 30 dias, havia apenas restos da membrana de cortical óssea e, aos 60 dias, a sua total ausência. Baseados nos resultados aqui obtidos, é possível concluir que a membrana de cortical óssea bovina é rapidamente absorvida e não confere proteção à membrana de pericárdio bovino liofilizado.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the barrier capacity of the bovine demineralized lyophilized bone cortical membrane, testing its permeability and its integrity in association with lyophilized bovine pericardium membrane. Fifteen male adult Wistar rats were used. The combination of two bone cortical membranes with bovine pericardium membrane inside was implanted subcutaneously in the cervical-thoracic area. The animals (five rats per group) were submitted to euthanasia at 15, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. On day 15 postoperative, the microscopic evaluation showed integrity of the membranes, except the absorption of small areas of the bone cortical membrane in the sites of nutritive channels. On day 30, there was a remnant of bone cortical membrane, and on day 60 bone cortical membrane was completely absent. It was possible to conclude that bovine demineralized lyophilized bone cortical membrane is quickly absorbed and does not preserve the lyophilized bovine pericardium membrane.